| 云南省苹果褐座坚壳菌分布及其对杀菌剂的敏感性 |
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| 引用本文：罗强,莫艳芳,张义杰,施竹凤,陈齐斌,杨佩文.云南省苹果褐座坚壳菌分布及其对杀菌剂的敏感性.植物保护学报,2024,51(6):1373-1382 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2024.2024038 |
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| 中文摘要:为明确云南省苹果根腐病主要致病菌褐座坚壳菌Rosellinia necatrix的分布及其对5种常用杀菌剂的敏感性，从云南省6个州（市）15个县（区）苹果种植区采集210份根腐病典型样品，采用组织分离法进行病原分离，并利用rDNA ITS基因序列比对进行分析鉴定，采用菌落生长速率法测定各地区代表菌株对蛇床子素、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和噁霉灵5种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明：经分离纯化共获得236株菌株，其中褐座坚壳菌的分离频率为70.76%，其在昆明市富民县、石林县、禄劝县，曲靖市马龙区、麒麟区，昭通市朝阳区、鲁甸县，红河哈尼族彝族自治州蒙自市、弥勒市，丽江市古城区和大理白族自治州大理市、洱源县、剑川县、漾濞县的14个县区均发生危害。药剂敏感性测定结果显示，蛇床子素、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和噁霉灵EC50范围分别为5.08~457.69、0.28~6.49、0.12~6.59、0.35~3.51和3.51~140.53 mg/L；频次正态分布敏感性分析发现褐座坚壳菌对蛇床子素、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和噁霉灵呈现左正偏态，表明出现了敏感性降低的亚群体；敏感性聚类分析结果表明，云南省苹果褐座坚壳菌对药剂的敏感性有地域性差异；相关性分析结果表明，褐座坚壳菌对咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯敏感性存在正相关，出现双抗现象。说明褐座坚壳菌是引起云南苹果种植区根腐病发生的主要病原菌。 |
| 中文关键词:苹果根腐病 褐座坚壳菌 分布 杀菌剂 敏感性 |
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| Distribution of white root rot pathogen Rosellinia necatrix in Yunnan Province and its sensitivity to fungicides |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Luo Qiang | College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
Institute of Agricul- tural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 652025, Yunnan Province, China | | | Mo Yanfang | College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China
Institute of Agricul- tural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 652025, Yunnan Province, China | | | Zhang Yijie | Institute of Agricul- tural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 652025, Yunnan Province, China | | | Shi Zhufeng | Institute of Agricul- tural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 652025, Yunnan Province, China | | | Chen Qibin | College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China | tclass99@163.com | | Yang Peiwen | Institute of Agricul- tural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 652025, Yunnan Province, China | pwyang2000@126.com |
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| Abstract:In order to guide the scientific control of apple root rot, the distribution of Rosellinia necatrix on the apple root in Yunnan Province, and its sensitivity to five commonly used fungicides were investigated. A total of 210 typical root rot samples were collected from apple-growing regions in 15 counties (districts) in six cities (or prefectures) of Yunnan Province. The pathogens were isolated using tissue separation techniques, and species identification was performed through rDNA (rRNA gene) and ITS sequencing. The sensitivity of representative isolates from each region to five fungicides, osthole, pyra-clostrobin, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol, was assessed using colony growth rate assays. The results indicated that a total of 236 isolates were obtained, with R. necatrix accounting for 70.76% of the isolates. R. necatrix was found to be widely distributed across 14 counties and districts, including Fumin, Shilin, and Luquan in Kunming; Malong and Qilin in Qujing; Chaoyang and Ludian in Zhaotong; Mengzi and Mile in Honghe; Gucheng in Lijiang; and Dali, Eryuan, Jianchuan, and Yangbi in Dali, where it caused significant damage. The results of the fungicide sensitivity tests showed that the EC 50 values for osthole, pyraclostrobin, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol ranged from 5.08 to 457.69, 0.28 to 6.49, 0.12 to 6.59, 0.35 to 3.51, and 3.51 to 140.53 mg/L, respectively. Frequency normal distribution analysis revealed a left-skewed sensitivity distribution for R. necatrix to osthole, pyraclostrobin, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol, indicating the presence of subpopulations with reduced sensitivity. Cluster analysis of sensitivity demonstrated regional variations in fungi-cide sensitivity of R. necatrix causing apple root rot in Yunnan Province. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between the sensitivities of R. necatrix to prochloraz and pyraclostrobin, suggesting the occurrence of dual resistance. R. necatrix is the main pathogen that causes root rot disease in apple plantations in Yunnan Province. |
| keywords:root rot of apple Rosellinia necatrix distribution fungicide sensitivity |
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