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中国草原鼠害防治现状、问题及对策

引用本文：花立民,柴守权.中国草原鼠害防治现状、问题及对策.植物保护学报,2022,49(1):415-423

DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2022.2022812

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作者	单位	E-mail
花立民	甘肃农业大学草业学院, 国家林业草原高寒草地鼠害防控工程技术研究中心, 兰州 730070	hualm@gsau.edu.cn
柴守权	国家林业和草原局生物灾害防控中心, 沈阳 110034

中文摘要:草原是我国重要的自然资源，承担着生产、生态和生活等多种功能，在构建生态屏障、促进牧业经济以及维系社会稳定等方面具有重要意义。近几十年来，受全球气候变化和人为过度利用草原的共同影响，我国草原发生大范围退化。草原退化提高了啮齿动物栖息地适合度，促使其种群数量增加，最终导致草原鼠害发生。草原害鼠采食牧草降低草地生产力，掘洞造丘消弱草原固碳、水土保持等生态功能，携带病菌威胁人畜健康。因此，控制草原鼠害事关退化草原治理修复和社会经济的可持续发展。尽管国家开展了一系列草原鼠害研究和工程实践，取得了阶段性成果，但由于草原生态系统的复杂性和社会经济发展需求的不断提升，现有草原鼠害防治成果难以满足草原生态保护与建设的需求，相关理论和技术体系尚未完全形成，学科交叉、技术集成等亟待加强。本文总结了中国草原鼠害发生和防治的现状，并对草原鼠害防治存在的问题进行了讨论，最后从管理和技术层面对加强草原鼠害防治工作进行了展望。

中文关键词:草原鼠害防控问题对策

Rodent pest control on grasslands in China: current state, problems and prospects

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
Hua Limin	Engineering and Technology Research Center for Alpine Rodent Pests Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu Province, China	hualm@gsau.edu.cn
Chai Shouquan	Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China

Abstract:Grasslands are the vital natural resources and play key roles in the grassland services in term of production, ecology and livelihood, which are of great significance for building ecological shield, promoting animal husbandry as well as maintaining social stability. In recent decades, many grasslands in China have suffered some degree of degradation due to climate change and increased livestock populations. The degraded grasslands created a higher-fitness habitat for rodents; as a result, the population of grassland rodents increased and severely damaged the grasslands. The rodent pests with higher population excessively forage the plants, dig many holes and make lots of mounds on the grasslands, which decrease the capacity of carbon sequestration and soil and water conservation on grasslands, and become potential infectious sources of plague. Therefore, the control of rodent pests is critical to restoration of degraded grasslands and sustainable development of society and economy. Although the governments in China implemented a series of researches and practices for rodent pest control on grasslands and achieved many designed objectives, for the complicated grassland ecosystem, the rising demands for social-economic development, and the lack of interdisciplinary cooperation and technology integration as well as the mature theory and technologies, current scientific outcomes of rodent pest control on grasslands cannot provide strong supports for the ecological grassland conservation. In this review, the current status of rodent pest damages and their control on grasslands in China were summarized, and the problems of grassland rodent control were analyzed. Finally, the prospects for the management and research in the future were discussed.

keywords:rodent pest on grassland control problem prospect

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