| 中国转基因抗虫玉米的商业化策略 |
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| 引用本文：李国平,吴孔明.中国转基因抗虫玉米的商业化策略.植物保护学报,2022,49(1):17-32 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2022.2022819 |
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| 中文摘要:玉米是全球播种面积最大的粮食作物，事关世界粮食安全。鳞翅目和鞘翅目害虫是影响玉米产量和品质的重要因素，长期以来多数国家采取以喷施化学农药为主的防控策略，但存在较高的使用成本和环境风险等问题。作为新一代的害虫防控技术，转基因抗虫玉米于1996年开始在美国商业化种植，并迅速推广到巴西等主要玉米生产国家，成为防控草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda和欧洲玉米螟Ostrinia nubilalis等重大害虫的核心技术。该文综述了全球转基因抗虫玉米商业化的历史和防控害虫的作用，分析了美国对欧洲玉米螟和草地贪夜蛾等靶标害虫抗性治理的成功经验以及巴西等南美国家草地贪夜蛾对多种转基因抗虫玉米产生抗性的成因与教训。基于中国转基因抗虫玉米转化事件的研发现状、玉米生产模式、玉米害虫的区域发生特点和迁飞生物学等特性，提出在南方和西南山地丘陵玉米区种植包含Vip3A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米从源头防控草地贪夜蛾，在黄淮海夏玉米区种植包含Cry2A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米从源头防控棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera，在北方春玉米区种植包含Cry1A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米从源头防控亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis，以及在双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica发生严重的地区种植包含Cry3B、Cry34/35A的多基因叠加抗虫玉米的区域性布局模式。要实施适合中国国情的高剂量-庇护所抗性治理措施，应基于转化事件是否对害虫达到高剂量要求而注册其对应的靶标害虫种类。在当前产品的庇护所设置上，对防控草地贪夜蛾的抗虫玉米和单基因抗虫玉米应采用10%～20%结构性庇护所进行抗性治理，对防控亚洲玉米螟等害虫的多基因抗虫玉米可采用5%种子混合庇护所进行抗性治理。 |
| 中文关键词:转基因抗虫玉米 靶标害虫 抗性治理 种植策略 |
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| Commercial strategy of transgenic insect-resistant maize in China |
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| Abstract:Corn is the world's largest sown food crop, which is related to world food security. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests are important factors affecting maize yield and quality. Chemical pesticide spraying has been adopted by most countries for a long time, but it has high cost and environmental risk. As a new generation of pest control technology, transgenic insect-resistant corn was commercially planted in the United States in 1996, and quickly spread to major corn producing countries such as Brazil and other areas, becoming a core technology for the control of major pests such as fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis. In this paper, the commercial history of transgenic insect-resistant maize and its role in pest control in the world were reviewed, and the successful experiences of the United States in the management of resistance to target pests such as corn borer and fall armyworm were analyzed, as well as the causes and lessons of resistance of fall armyworm to various transgenic insect-resistant maizes in Brazil and other South American countries. Based on the research and development status of transgenic insect-resistant maize transformation events in China, maize production patterns, regional occurrence characteristics and migratory biology of maize pests, it was proposed to plant multi-gene stacked insect-resistant maize cultivars containing Vip3A at the source for prevention and control of fall armyworm in mountainous and hilly maize areas of southern and southwestern China. In the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region, multi-gene stacked resistant maize containing Cry2A should be planted for the prevention and control of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera at the source; in the northern spring maize region, multi-gene stacked resistant maize containing Cry1A should be planted for the prevention and control of Asian corn borer O. furnacalis at the source, and planting Cry3b-and Cry34/35A-resistant corn in the areas with serious occurrence of two-spotted leaf beetle Monolepta hieroglyphica, was proposed. To implement the high dose/refuge resistance management strategy in China, it is necessary to register the target pest species based on whether the transformation event meets the high dose criterion for pests. In terms of the refuge setting for current products, 10%-20% structured refuge should be applied to the resistant corn for management of fall armyworm S. frugiperda and the single Bt gene resistant corn, while 5% seed mixed refuge should be applied to the multi-gene resistant corn for pest control, such as Asian corn borer O. furnacalis. |
| keywords:transgenic insect-resistant maize target pest resistance management planting strategy |
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