| 苦瓜白粉病病原菌和生理小种的鉴定及苦瓜对白粉病的抗性遗传分析 |
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| 引用本文：周萌萌,田丽波,商桑,邹凯茜,潘琼玉,曾丽萍.苦瓜白粉病病原菌和生理小种的鉴定及苦瓜对白粉病的抗性遗传分析.植物保护学报,2019,46(2):313-322 |
| DOI：10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2019.2018138 |
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| 中文摘要:为明确海南省苦瓜白粉病的病原菌、生理小种及苦瓜对白粉病的抗性遗传规律，结合形态学鉴定和分子鉴定解析白粉病菌及生理小种种类，通过显微镜观察白粉病菌侵染过程，并应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析法探讨苦瓜对白粉病的主要抗性遗传规律。结果表明：采集自海南省6个市（县）的苦瓜白粉病病原菌均为单囊壳白粉菌Sphaerotheca fuliginea，属生理小种2F，该菌在侵染苦瓜叶片时有4个关键时期：接种后4 h为分生孢子萌发高峰期，8 h为附着孢形成高峰期，16~24 h为次生菌丝形成高峰期，5 d为分生孢子梗形成高峰期。将其接种于苦瓜抗、感品系，对白粉病的抗性符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型，主基因和多基因共同控制苦瓜对白粉病的抗性，其中以主基因遗传为主，且会受到环境变异的影响。根据苦瓜抗性遗传规律，F2代主基因遗传率最高，受环境影响最小，在苦瓜的白粉病抗性育种中，以早期世代F2代作为有效选择世代。研究表明白粉病菌侵染叶片的前2 d是白粉病防治的最佳时期，所以在白粉病易发的物候期，可将防治时间提前1~2 d。 |
| 中文关键词:苦瓜 白粉病 生理小种 侵染过程 遗传分析 |
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| Identification of powdery mildew physiological races and genetic resistance analysis of bitter melon to the disease |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Zhou Mengmeng | Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China | | | Tian Libo | Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China | faiy7play@163.com | | Shang Sang | Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China | | | Zou Kaixi | Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China | | | Pan Qiongyu | Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China | | | Zeng Liping | Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China | |
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| Abstract:To study the powdery mildew pathogen, physiological races and inheritance of bitter melon resistance of powdery mildew in Hainan, the morphological and molecular identification methods were used to analyze the disease-causing germs and physiological races of powdery mildew; the microscopy was used to observe infection process of powdery mildew, and mixed major-gene plus polygenes inheritance model analysis was conducted to inquire into the main genetic rules of bitter melon resistance to powdery mildew. The results showed that the bitter melon powdery mildew disease was caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea, belonging to the physiological race 2F in six cities (counties) in Hainan. There were four key stages when the pathogen infected the leaves of bitter melon:conidia germination peak at 4 h post infection, appressorium formation peak at 8 h post infection, secondary hyphal formation peak at 16-24 h post infection and conidiophore formation peak at 5 d post infection. The powdery mildew was inoculated into the resistant and susceptible strains of bitter melon, and the results showed that the powdery mildew resistance fitted two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis major genes and plus-dominant polygenes model, and the resistance of bitter melon to powdery mildew disease was controlled by main genes and polygenes, in which major genes were dominated and affected by environmental variation in the meantime. According to the inheritance rule of resistance, F2 generation had the highest heritability and was least affected by environment, and thus the early generation F2 should be used as the effective selection period in powdery mildew resistance breeding of bitter melon. The control time of powdery mildew could be advanced by 1-2 d in the phenological period of powdery mildew susceptibility. |
| keywords:bitter melon powdery mildew physiological race infection process genetic analysis |
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